Blog

Semaglutide vs liraglutide for researchers: PubChem identity, Aib8 and side-chain chemistry, albumin vs receptor affinity, human PK half-lives and outcome-trial designs.

NAD+ vs NMN for researchers: PubChem identity, the NAMPT/NMNAT salvage pathway, CD38/CD73 degradation outside the cell, the Slc12a8 debate and what PK studies measured.

SS-31 (elamipretide) binds cardiolipin at the inner mitochondrial membrane; MOTS-c is a 16-residue peptide encoded in mitochondrial DNA that signals through AMPK and the nucleus. Identity, study models, null results…

VIP and PACAP share the VPAC1 and VPAC2 receptors, but only PACAP binds PAC1 with high affinity. A sourced research comparison of sequence, PubChem identity, receptor selectivity and knockout-mouse findings.

Tirzepatide pairs GLP-1 receptor agonism with the GIP receptor; mazdutide pairs it with the glucagon receptor. A sourced research comparison of identity, receptor pharmacology, species caveats and trial designs.

Methylene blue and SS-31 (elamipretide) compared: PubChem identity, electron-carrier vs cardiolipin mechanisms, the complex III and MAO-A caveats, trial designs, FDA status and what the evidence does not show. Research…

LL-37 and thymosin alpha-1 compared: PubChem identity, how each is made in the body, membrane-active helix vs disordered acidic peptide, FPRL1 and TLR research, trial designs and evidence gaps. Research…

Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) and Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) compared: PubChem identity, neuron and telomerase studies, the few head-to-head experiments, independent replications and what the evidence does not show. Research use only.

Sermorelin is a 29-residue GHRH fragment that acts on the pituitary; somatropin is growth hormone itself. How their identity, mechanism, regulatory history and detection differ.

SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic small-molecule ERR agonist; MOTS-c is a 16-residue mitochondrial-derived peptide. How their mechanisms, mouse data and human studies compare.